1) The word "oxygen" contains two vowels: O and E.

2) The Treaty of Tordesillas, signed in 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal, leading to the colonization of the Americas.

3) Mountains are formed through various geological processes, including tectonic plate movements, volcanic activity, and erosion.

4) The world's oldest known living tree is a bristlecone pine named "Methuselah" in California, estimated to be over 4,800 years old.